{"id":57666,"date":"2015-09-23T03:39:04","date_gmt":"2015-09-23T01:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/uncategorized-ca\/sintomas-de-las-fobias-especificas-criterios-diagnosticos-segun-las-clasificaciones-internacionales\/"},"modified":"2026-01-30T11:18:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T09:18:19","slug":"sintomas-de-las-fobias-especificas-criterios-diagnosticos-segun-las-clasificaciones-internacionales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/problemes\/fobias-especificas\/sintomas-de-las-fobias-especificas-criterios-diagnosticos-segun-las-clasificaciones-internacionales\/","title":{"rendered":"Els s\u00edmptomes de les f\u00f2bies espec\u00edfiques: Els criteris diagn\u00f2stics d\u2019acord amb les classificacions internacionals"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Per efectuar el diagn\u00f2stic de les f\u00f2bies simples o espec\u00edfiques, els especialistes es basen en els criteris diagn\u00f2stics del DSM-V<\/span> o de la CIE-10<\/span>,<\/strong> dues classificacions de les malalties consensuades per especialistes de diverses nacionalitats i de reconegut prestigi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recordi, no obstant aix\u00f2, que vost\u00e8 no pot autodiagnosticar-se, ni ha de fer-ho. Nom\u00e9s un professional expert de la salut pot diagnosticar amb rigor i fiabilitat<\/span>.<\/strong> Quan alg\u00fa est\u00e0 preocupat per la seva salut o per la seva normalitat, \u00e9s habitual que s\u2019identifiqui amb s\u00edmptomes o amb malalties que no pateix o que es confongui amb d\u2019altres de possibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Criteris del DSM-IV per al diagn\u00f2stic de les f\u00f2bies espec\u00edfiques<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Font: American Psychiatric Association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Por o ansietat intenses a causa d\u2019un objecte o d\u2019una situaci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica (per exemple, volar, les altures, els animals, l\u2019administraci\u00f3 d\u2019una injecci\u00f3, veure sang).\u00a0<\/strong>En els nens, la por o l\u2019ansietat es poden expressar amb plors, amb rebequeries, quedant-se paralitzats o amb conductes d\u2019aferrament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. L\u2019objecte o la situaci\u00f3 f\u00f2bics s\u2019eviten o es resisteixen activament amb por o amb una ansietat immediata.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. L\u2019objecte o la situaci\u00f3 f\u00f2bics s\u2019eviten o es resisteixen activament amb por o amb una ansietat intensa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. La por o l\u2019ansietat s\u00f3n desproporcionades respecte del perill real que plantegen l\u2019objecte o la situaci\u00f3 espec\u00edfics i del context sociocultural.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. La por, l\u2019ansietat o l\u2019evitaci\u00f3 s\u00f3n persistents i duren t\u00edpicament sis mesos o m\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. La por, l\u2019ansietat o l\u2019evitaci\u00f3 causen malestar cl\u00ednicament significatiu o deteriorament en els \u00e0mbits social o laboral, o en altres \u00e0rees importants del funcionament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. L\u2019alteraci\u00f3 no s\u2019explica millor pels s\u00edmptomes d\u2019un altre trastorn mental, com la por, l\u2019ansietat i l\u2019evitaci\u00f3 en situacions associades a s\u00edmptomes de tipus p\u00e0nic o a altres s\u00edmptomes incapacitants (com en l\u2019agoraf\u00f2bia), respecte d\u2019objectes o de situacions relacionats amb determinades obsessions (com en el trastorn obsessivocompulsiu), amb els records de successos traum\u00e0tics (com en el trastorn per estr\u00e8s posttraum\u00e0tic) o a deixar la llar o amb la separaci\u00f3 de les figures d\u2019aferrament (com en el trastorn d\u2019ansietat per separaci\u00f3), o en situacions socials (com en el trastorn d\u2019ansietat social).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Criteris de la CIE-10 per al diagn\u00f2stic de les f\u00f2bies espec\u00edfiques (a\u00efllades o simples)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Font: Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    F\u00f2bies restringides a situacions molt espec\u00edfiques, com la proximitat de determinats animals, les altures, els trons, la foscor, viatjar amb avi\u00f3, els espais tancats, haver d\u2019utilitzar els lavabos p\u00fablics, ingerir determinats aliments, anar al dentista, veure sang o ferides, o el contagi de malalties concretes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tot i que la situaci\u00f3 desencadenant \u00e9s molt espec\u00edfica i concreta, la seva pres\u00e8ncia pot produir p\u00e0nic com en l\u2019agoraf\u00f2bia i en les f\u00f2bies socials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les f\u00f2bies espec\u00edfiques acostumen a presentar-se per primera vegada en la inf\u00e0ncia o al comen\u00e7ament de la vida adulta i si no es tracten, poden perdurar durant d\u00e8cades. El grau d\u2019incapacitat que causen dep\u00e8n que sigui m\u00e9s o menys f\u00e0cil per a l\u2019afectat evitar la situaci\u00f3 f\u00f2bica. La por de la situaci\u00f3 f\u00f2bica t\u00e9 tend\u00e8ncia a ser estable, al contrari del que succeeix en l\u2019agoraf\u00f2bia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pautes per al diagn\u00f2stic<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Els s\u00edmptomes, psicol\u00f2gics o vegetatius, s\u00f3n manifestacions prim\u00e0ries de l\u2019ansietat i no secund\u00e0ries a altres s\u00edmptomes, com, per exemple, idees delirants o obsessives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Aquesta ansietat es limita a la pres\u00e8ncia de situacions o d\u2019objectes f\u00f2bics espec\u00edfics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Aquestes situacions s\u2019eviten en la mesura del possible.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Inclou: Zoof\u00f2bies, claustrof\u00f2bia, acrof\u00f2bia, f\u00f2bia als ex\u00e0mens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Les f\u00f2bies espec\u00edfiques s\u00f3n pors restringides, que nom\u00e9s s\u2019activen a causa de situacions o d\u2019objectes molt concrets, com la proximitat de determinats animals, les altures, la foscor, viatjar amb avi\u00f3, els espais tancats, la visi\u00f3 de la sang o el possible contagi de determinades malalties.[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3439,"featured_media":59646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fobias-especificas"],"yoast_head":"\nEls s\u00edmptomes de les f\u00f2bies 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href=\"https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/problemes\/fobias-especificas\/\" rel=\"category tag\">F\u00f3bies espec\u00edfiques<\/a>","tags_info":"","social_share_info":"<a data-share=\"facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/problemes\/fobias-especificas\/sintomas-de-las-fobias-especificas-criterios-diagnosticos-segun-las-clasificaciones-internacionales\/\" class=\"pl-facebook-share social-share-default pl-social-share\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fab fa-facebook-f\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a data-share=\"twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/problemes\/fobias-especificas\/sintomas-de-las-fobias-especificas-criterios-diagnosticos-segun-las-clasificaciones-internacionales\/\" class=\"pl-twiiter-share social-share-default pl-social-share\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a data-share=\"linkedin\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?url=https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/problemes\/fobias-especificas\/sintomas-de-las-fobias-especificas-criterios-diagnosticos-segun-las-clasificaciones-internacionales\/\" class=\"pl-linkedin-share social-share-default pl-social-share\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fab fa-linkedin-in\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a>","wordExcerpt_info":"<p>Les f\u00f2bies espec\u00edfiques s\u00f3n pors restringides, que nom\u00e9s s\u2019activen a causa de situacions o d\u2019objectes molt concrets, com la proximitat de determinats animals, les altures, la foscor, viatjar amb avi\u00f3, els espais tancats, la visi\u00f3 de la sang o el possible contagi de determinades malalties.[:]<\/p>\n","comment_info":"No 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