{"id":56383,"date":"2015-09-24T01:24:13","date_gmt":"2015-09-23T23:24:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/uncategorized-ca\/afrontamiento-de-la-ansiedad\/"},"modified":"2024-02-19T12:56:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T12:56:17","slug":"afrontamiento-de-la-ansiedad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/de-malament-a-pitjor\/una-introduccion\/afrontamiento-de-la-ansiedad\/","title":{"rendered":"Afrontament de l’ansietat"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019activitat d\u2019una persona davant d\u2019un problema se centra fonamentalment a resoldre\u2019l<\/span>. Generalment, \u00e9s la pr\u00f2pia cultura la que proveeix les dades, creences i informacions sobre les que la persona elabora, m\u00e9s o menys intu\u00eftivament, una estrat\u00e8gia per actuar sobre la pr\u00f2pia malaltia.<\/p>\n

Quan una persona se sent afligida per una dol\u00e8ncia no es limita, passivament, a patir-ne els efectes, sin\u00f3 que intenta incidir sobre el seu curs per regular-ho. Utilitza els coneixements que t\u00e9 sobre la malaltia, all\u00f2 que el sentit com\u00fa diu que pot ser m\u00e9s adequat o inadequat i les alteracions evolucionen en unes circumst\u00e0ncies o unes altres, del que veu en altres, d\u2019all\u00f2 que diuen, del que li ha passat amb anterioritat, etc.<\/p>\n

Abans, fins i tot, de consultar un especialista, la persona ha desenvolupat les seves pr\u00f2pies presumpcions sobre qu\u00e8 li passa, ha calculat les possibles conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies en diferents ordres i, molt possiblement, ha pres iniciatives per recuperar la normalitat<\/span>. Aquests actes, o omissions segons el cas, aquesta determinada caracteritzaci\u00f3, no s\u00f3n simples accidents. Com que influeixen en el curs de la malaltia, en la pr\u00f2pia concepci\u00f3 de la persona com a subjecte malalt, s\u00f3n part integrada del proc\u00e9s de curar o emmalaltir. Per tant, no s\u00f3n aspectes que hagin de quedar fora de la terap\u00e8utica, fora de l\u2019estudi i de la consideraci\u00f3 dels propis especialistes, que, generalment, estan m\u00e9s atents a aplicar solucions a partir de la base del coneixement objectiu que tenen de la malaltia i del seu curs.<\/p>\n

 <\/strong>Segons Lazarus (1984), per afrontament entenem<\/span> aquells esfor\u00e7os cognitius i conductuals constantment canviants que es desenvolupen per gestionar les demanes espec\u00edfiques externes i\/o internets que s\u00f3n avaluades com a excedents o desbordants dels recursos de l\u2019individu.<\/p>\n

Les funcions de l\u2019afrontament acostumen a definir-se en relaci\u00f3 amb all\u00f2 que es pret\u00e9n controlar<\/span>. Mechanic (1974) parla de tres funcions: afrontar les demandes socials i l\u2019entorn, crear el grau de motivaci\u00f3 necessari per aquestes demandes i mantenir l\u2019equilibri psicol\u00f2gic per poder dirigir l\u2019energia i els recursos a les demanes externes. Pearlin i Schooler (1978) parlen de funci\u00f3 de control situacional i canvi de circumst\u00e0ncies externes, funci\u00f3 de control de significats (abans que es produeixi l\u2019estr\u00e8s) i funci\u00f3 del control de l\u2019estr\u00e8s en si mateix (quan ja ha aparegut).<\/p>\n

Alguns autors (Lazarus i Folkman (1980), George (1974), Kahm i col\u00b7laboradors (1964)) han diferenciat entre un afrontament dirigit a manipular o alterar un problema i un afrontament dirigit a regular la resposta emocional<\/span> al qual el problema d\u00f3na lloc (o que d\u00f3na lloc al problema). Encara que a primera vista, la distinci\u00f3 sembli poc clara, a la pr\u00e0ctica resulta dif\u00edcil de sostenir: En primer lloc, perqu\u00e8 no \u00e9s adequat i, potser ni tan sols possible, definir all\u00f2 emocional fora del problema o al rev\u00e9s. En segon lloc, perqu\u00e8 hi hauria preguntes, d\u2019altra banda, capricioses, de dif\u00edcil resposta com, per exemple: centre el subjecte l\u2019afrontament en el control de l\u2019emoci\u00f3 per aix\u00ed abordar millor el problema, o tracta de resoldre el problema per no experimentar l\u2019emoci\u00f3? I llavors, a qu\u00e8 dirigeix l\u2019afrontament en realitat? En tercer lloc, en alguns casos, l\u2019anomenada funci\u00f3 d\u2019afrontament del problema i l\u2019anomenada funci\u00f3 d\u2019afrontament de l\u2019emoci\u00f3 poden coincidir i identificar-se: per exemple, quan l\u2019amena\u00e7a consisteix en la valoraci\u00f3 negativa que el medio social podria fer de les manifestacions emocionals de l\u2019individu (en termes de falta de seguretat, personalitat o autocontrol).<\/p>\n

A vegades, s\u2019ha distingit, tamb\u00e9, entre afrontament cognitiu i afrontament conductual<\/span>. Nom\u00e9s cal un exemple ofert per Fern\u00e1ndez Castro (1990) per posar de manifest la inconsist\u00e8ncia d\u2019aquesta nova dicotomia:<\/p>\n

\u00abEn un article de Folkman i Lazarus (1988) sobre la relaci\u00f3 entre emoci\u00f3 i afrontament, es parla, entre d\u2019altres coses, d\u2019una estrat\u00e8gia d\u2019afrontar l\u2019estr\u00e8s que ells denominen deployment of attention<\/em> i que qualifiquen, l\u00f2gicament, d\u2019activitat cognoscitiva, per\u00f2 quan posen exemples apareix el seg\u00fcent: practicar la relaxaci\u00f3, fer jogging<\/em>, dedicar-se als hobbies<\/em>, agafar-se unes vacances, menjar, fumar o dormir. S\u00f3n aquestes activitats, cognoscitives? No s\u2019hauria de distingir entre la morfologia de l\u2019activitat i la seva funci\u00f3? En molts articles emp\u00edrics es confon la morfologia concreta d\u2019una activitat amb la funci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica que se suposa que compleix\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Estrictament, l\u2019afrontament, en \u00faltima inst\u00e0ncia, es dirigeix a satisfer \u2013o reformular satisfact\u00f2riament\u2013 els plans d\u2019acci\u00f3 de l\u2019individu, en el marc d\u2019un sistema de valors i creences, \u2013tamb\u00e9 reformulables\u2013 que hi d\u00f3na sentit i direcci\u00f3, i a preservar i gaudir del que s\u2019ha aconseguit o del que ha vingut donat (status quo<\/em>) i que \u00e9s desitjable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Els resultats de l\u2019afrontament<\/span> s\u00f3n les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies adaptatives que apareixen el l\u2019\u00e0mbit del treball i de la vida social, en el de la satisfacci\u00f3 moral o vital i en el de la salut de l\u2019organisme, que es poden creuar entre si de diferents maneres i en diferents moments.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/b><\/p>\n

FERNANDEZ CASTRO, J. (1990). Un an\u00e1lisis del afrontamiento del estr\u00e9s; en Carpintero y Carretero M: (Eds.) Psicolog\u00eda t\u00e9cnica: investigaci\u00f3n en procesos b\u00e1sicos. Madrid, 1990.<\/p>\n

GEORGE, A. L. (1974). Adaptation to stress in political decision making: The individual, small group, and organizational context. En G. V. Coelho, D. A. Hamburg y J. E. Adams (Eds.). Coping and adaptation. Nueva York: Basic Books.<\/p>\n

KAHN, R. L., WOLFE, D. M., QUINN, R. P., SNOEK, J. D. Y ROSENTHAL, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. Nueva York: Wiley<\/p>\n

LAZARUS, R. S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39, 124-129.<\/p>\n

LAZARUS, R. S. Y FOLKMAN, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. Nueva York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc. Ed. Espa\u00f1ola: (1986). Estr\u00e9s y procesos cognitivos. Barcelona: Mart\u00ednez Roca, S. A.<\/p>\n

PEARLIN, L. I. Y SCHOOLER, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2-21.<\/p>\n

_________
\nFont<\/span>: Baeza Villarroel, J.C (1994). ISBN: 84-490-0131-5.  Cl\u00ednica de la Ansiedad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Segons Lazarus (1984), per afrontament entenem aquells esfor\u00e7os cognitius i conductuals constantment canviants que es desenvolupen per gestionar les demanes espec\u00edfiques externes i\/o internets que s\u00f3n avaluades com a excedents o desbordants dels recursos de l\u2019individu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3439,"featured_media":56376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-una-introduccion"],"yoast_head":"\nAfrontament de l'ansietat - Cl\u00ednica de la Ansiedad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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href=\"https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/de-malament-a-pitjor\/una-introduccion\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Una introducci\u00f3<\/a>","tags_info":"","social_share_info":"<a data-share=\"facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/de-malament-a-pitjor\/una-introduccion\/afrontamiento-de-la-ansiedad\/\" class=\"pl-facebook-share social-share-default pl-social-share\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fab fa-facebook-f\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a data-share=\"twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https:\/\/clinicadeansiedad.com\/ca\/de-malament-a-pitjor\/una-introduccion\/afrontamiento-de-la-ansiedad\/\" class=\"pl-twiiter-share social-share-default pl-social-share\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a data-share=\"linkedin\" 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